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Grammatical article in English language

The () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, unsaid or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. The is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have institute it to account for vii percent of all printed English-linguistic communication words.^[1] It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Eye English and at present has a unmarried grade used with pronouns of any gender.^[a] The discussion can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with whatsoever alphabetic character. This is dissimilar from many other languages, which have dissimilar forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers.

Pronunciation

In nigh dialects, "the" is pronounced as /ðə/ (with the voiced dental fricative /ð/ followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as /ðiː/ (homophone of pronoun thee) when followed past a vowel audio or used as an emphatic course.^[2]

Modern American and New Zealand English accept an increasing tendency to limit usage of /ðiː/ pronunciation and use /ðə/, even before a vowel.^{[3] [4]}

Sometimes the word "the" is pronounced /ðiː/, with stress, to emphasise that something is unique: "he is the practiced", not just "an" adept in a field.

Adverbial

Definite article principles in English are described under "Employ of articles". The, as in phrases like "the more the better", has a distinct origin and etymology and by chance has evolved to exist identical to the definite article.^[v]

Article

The and that are common developments from the aforementioned Sometime English organisation. Onetime English language had a definite article se (in the masculine gender), sēo (feminine), and þæt (neuter). In Eye English, these had all merged into þe, the antecedent of the Modern English discussion the.^[6]

Geographic usage

An surface area in which the employ or non-use of the is sometimes problematic is with geographic names:

• notable natural landmarks – rivers, seas, mountain ranges, deserts, island groups (archipelagoes) and then on – are mostly used with a "the" definite article (the Rhine, the North Ocean, the Alps, the Sahara, the Hebrides).
• continents, individual islands, administrative units and settlements mostly do not take a "the" article (Europe, Jura, Austria (but the Republic of Austria), Scandinavia, Yorkshire (but the Canton of York), Madrid).
• offset with a mutual substantive followed past of may accept the article, as in the Isle of Wight or the Isle of Portland (compare Christmas Island), aforementioned applies to names of institutions: Cambridge University, just the University of Cambridge.
• Some place names include an article, such as the Bronx, The Oaks, The Stone, The Birches, The Harrow, The Rower, The Swan, The Valley, The Farrington, The Quarter, The Plains, The Dalles, The Forks, The Village, The Village (NJ), The Village (OK), The Villages, The Village at Castle Pines, The Woodlands, The Pas, the Vatican, The Hyde, the W End, the East End, The Hague, or the City of London (only London). Formerly e.g. Bath, Devizes or White Plains.^[7]
• mostly described singular names, the North Isle (New Zealand) or the West Country (England), take an article.

Countries and territorial regions are notably mixed, most exclude "the" but there are some that adhere to secondary rules:

• derivations from collective common nouns such equally "kingdom", "republic", "union", etc.: the Central African Republic, the Dominican Republic, the United States, the United kingdom, the Soviet Union, the United Arab Emirates, including well-nigh country full names:^{[8] [9]} the Czechia (simply Czechia), the Russian Federation (but Russia), the Principality of Monaco (only Monaco), the State of State of israel (only Israel) and the Commonwealth of Australia (but Australia).^{[10] [11] [12]}
• countries in a plural noun: the netherlands, the Falkland Islands, the Faroe Islands, the Cayman Islands, the Philippines, the Comoros, the Maldives, the Republic of seychelles, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and The Bahamas.
• Atypical derivations from "isle" or "land" that concur authoritative rights – Greenland, England, Christmas Island and Norfolk Island – do not accept a "the" definite commodity.
• derivations from mountain ranges, rivers, deserts, etc., are sometimes used with an article, fifty-fifty for atypical, (the Lebanese republic, the Sudan, the Yukon, the Congo).^[13] This usage is in decline, The Gambia remains recommended whereas use of the Argentine for Argentina is considered old-fashioned. Ukraine is occasionally referred to every bit the Ukraine, a usage that was common during the 20th century, but this is considered wrong and possibly offensive in modern usage.^[14] Sudan (but the Republic of the Sudan) and Southward Sudan (but the Republic of Due south Sudan) are written nowadays without the article.

Abbreviations

Since "the" is one of the virtually frequently used words in English, at various times short abbreviations for it have been constitute:

• Barred thorn: the earliest abbreviation, it is used in manuscripts in the Quondam English language. It is the letter þ with a assuming horizontal stroke through the ascender, and it represents the word þæt, meaning "the" or "that" (neuter nom. / acc.).
• þͤ and þͭ (þ with a superscript due east or t) appear in Middle English language manuscripts for "þe" and "þat" respectively.
• yͤ and yͭ are developed from þͤ and þͭ and appear in Early Modern manuscripts and in print (come across Ye course).

Occasional proposals have been made by individuals for an abbreviation. In 1916, Legros & Grant included in their classic printers' handbook Typographical Printing-Surfaces, a proposal for a letter similar to Ħ to represent "Thursday", thus abbreviating "the" to ħe.^[15]

In Middle English, the (þe) was ofttimes abbreviated as a þ with a minor eastward to a higher place it, like to the abbreviation for that, which was a þ with a small t above information technology. During the latter Eye English and Early Modernistic English language periods, the letter thorn (þ) in its mutual script, or cursive form, came to resemble a y shape. As a result, the employ of a y with an due east in a higher place it () equally an abridgement became common. This tin can still exist seen in reprints of the 1611 edition of the King James Version of the Bible in places such every bit Romans xv:29, or in the Mayflower Compact. Historically, the article was never pronounced with a y sound, even when so written.

The discussion "The" itself, capitalised, is used every bit an abridgement in Commonwealth countries for the honorific title "The Right Honourable", as in e.g. "The Earl Mountbatten of Burma", short for "The Right Honourable Earl Mountbatten of Burma", or "The Prince Charles".^[16]

References

1. ^ Norvig, Peter. "English Alphabetic character Frequency Counts: Mayzner Revisited".
2. ^ "the – definition". Merriam Webster Online Dictionary.
3. ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Johnson, Keith (2010). A Course in Phonetics (6th ed.). Boston: Wadsworth. p. 110.
4. ^ Hay, Jennifer (2008). New Zealand English language . Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 44.
5. ^ "the, adv.1." OED Online. Oxford University Press, March 2016. Web. xi March 2016.
6. ^ "The and That Etymologies". Online Etymology Dictionary . Retrieved xviii June 2015.
7. ^ "Why is it called The Hague?".
8. ^ "Countries: Designations and abbreviations to apply".
9. ^ "FAO Country Profiles". www.fao.org.
10. ^ "Using 'the' with the Names of Countries".
11. ^ "List of Countries, Territories and Currencies".
12. ^ "UNGEGN World Geographical Names".
13. ^ Swan, Michael How English Works, p. 25
14. ^ Ukraine or "the Ukraine"? by Andrew Gregorovich, infoukes.com
15. ^ "Missed Opportunity for Ligatures".
16. ^ 'The Prefix "The"'. In Titles and Forms of Address, 21st ed., pp. viii–ix. A & C Black, London, 2002.

Notes

1. ^ masculine, feminine, or neuter.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The

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